Summary about diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic (long-term) disease that affects how your body converts food into energy. There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1, and type 2, And gestational diabetes.
One of the signs of diabetes, as we know, is high blood sugar. The pancreas is the one that senses the rise and fall of sugar. Thus, it secretes or stops secreting the hormone insulin, respectively. When blood sugar continues to rise, this is due to two reasons: Either the pancreas began to secrete insulin less, or the body’s cells lost their response to insulin
Diabetes is divided into:
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is thought to be caused by an autoimmune reaction (the body mistakenly attacks itself). This reaction prevents your body from making insulin. About 5-10% of people with type 1 diabetes have it. Type 1 diabetes can be diagnosed at any age, Symptoms often develop quickly. People with type 1 diabetes, They need to take insulin daily to survive. at present, It is not yet known how to prevent type 1 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes
In type 2 diabetes, The body does not use insulin well and cannot maintain blood sugar at normal levels. About 90-95% of patients with diabetes suffer from type 2. It develops over many years and is usually diagnosed in adults (but is increasingly diagnosed in children, teenagers and young adults). No symptoms may be observed, That’s why it’s important to do a blood sugar test. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed through healthy lifestyle changes. Such as:
- Lose weight.
- Eat healthy food.
- Doing activities
Pregnancy diabetes
Gestational diabetes develops in pregnant women who have never had diabetes. In the case of gestational diabetes, The child may be more susceptible to health problems. Gestational diabetes usually goes away after delivery. However, It increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. A child is more likely to become obese as a child or teenager and to develop type 2 diabetes later in life.
The most common forms of diabetes such as type 1 (T1D), type 2 (T2D) and gestational diabetes (GDM) are complex diseases determined by many genes that are influenced by environmental factors.
While there are rare forms of diabetes, Including neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), are, Instead of that, Caused by single gene mutations.
Genetics and diabetes:
The first type
| possibility of the son | beinginjured | ||||
| Mother | Father | Brother/Sister | Twin/non-identical brother | Twin/identical brother | |
| Infected | –3% | ||||
| Infected- | 9% | ||||
| Infected | –Infected | –30% | |||
| Infected- | 10% | ||||
| Infected- | 20% | ||||
| Infected- | 35% | ||||
These percentages suggest that there are genetic and non-genetic factors that play an important role in contracting this disease.
The second type
| possibility of the son | beinginjured | ||||
| Mother | Father | Brother/Sister | Twin/non-identical brother | Twin/identical brother | |
| Infected | –30% | ||||
| Infected- | 30% | ||||
| Infected | –Infected | –75% | |||
| Infected- | 40% | ||||
| Infected- | 40% | ||||
| Infected- | 70-90% | ||||
There are non-genetic/environmental factors that increase or decrease the importance of genetic factors and the possibility of contracting the disease.
Prepared by: Dalal Edriss
References:
